To further explore the changes of cytokine profiles in the tissues of the eyeball under pathological conditions, we collected the iris during trabeculectomy and compared the levels of Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ), Th2 (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10), Th3 (transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)) cytokines in POAG patients, CACG patients, and normal control subjects. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and open-angle glaucoma.