Studies on these in relation to survival have been scarce, though Wolpin et al. [31] reported that a higher pre-diagnostic level of C-peptide, which reflects insulin secretion, was associated with increased colorectal cancer mortality in patients with colorectal cancer (HR: 1.87, 95% CI, 1.04–0.36, p = 0.03). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is colorectal cancer.