Cancer tissue from women not infected with HPV 16 or 18 had higher concentrations of GMCSF (p = 0.004), IL10 (p = 0.037), and IL15 (p = 0.041), when compared to those of women infected with HPV16/18 (Figure 1), after adjusting for age, parity and hormonal contraception. Here, IL15 is linked to cancer.