NF1 and cancer: Subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft MPNST models have been generated from both sporadic (Mahller et al, 2007; Johansson et al, 2008; Lopez et al, 2011) and NF1 tumors, from established cancer cell lines in all cases (Perrin et al, 2007; Banerjee et al, 2010; Lopez et al, 2011; Turk et al, 2011).