For analysis, cellular factors included in the array were grouped according to their association with relevant signaling pathways in Table 1 and the fold-change in protein expression of the key cellular factors from the MEF-2-integrated signaling cascades is given in Figure 8A. Upon validation of array data by Western blotting, the phosphorylated form of MEF-2A as well as of p38, ERK5, Smad2 and Akt were found to be upregulated upon infection in both MT-2 and primary cells (Figure 8B). Here, SMAD2 is linked to infection.