On the other hand, CCL2 has been implicated in the development of a variety of renal diseases including chronic rejection of renal transplantation, lupus nephritis, IgA nephropathy, crescentic glomerulonephritis and diabetic nephropathy by promoting circulating mononuclear cells, as well as tissue macrophage recruitment and activation in the kidney interstitium [23–27]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and diabetic kidney disease.