We analyzed several of these but none were associated with febrile UTI in our cohort: the TLR2 polymorphism Arg753Gln that was associated with UTI in Turkish children (124 patients, 116 controls) [24], the TLR1 1805T allele that was associated with pyelonephritis in Caucasian American women (339 recurrent UTI, 321 pyelonephritis, 317 controls) [26] and five CXCR1 polymorphisms (of which we tested two) that were associated with acute pyelonephritis in a Swedish cohort (60 patients, 226 controls) [37]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR1 and pyelonephritis.