The induction of a cellular antiviral state by cytokines (e.g., by type I interferons) is an important defense mechanism against many viruses; in line with the mechanism outlined above, replication of an interferon-sensitive Coxsackievirus was more strongly inhibited by IFNα in CD45-negative cells and CD45-/- mice were found to be much more resistant to infection with the Coxsackievirus than their CD45-positive littermates [71]. The gene discussed is PTPRC; the disease is infection.