The exploratory study reported herein investigated the potential interactions between polymorphisms rs10740055 of ARID5B, and rs4132601 of IKZF1, and the non-genetic suspected ALL risk factors that were of sufficient prevalence in the ESCALE case-control study, for power reasons: maternal use of home insecticides during pregnancy, preconception paternal smoking, and some proxies for early immune modulation, i.e breastfeeding, history of repeated common infections before age one year, and birth order [29–31]. Here, IKZF1 is linked to infection.