Interestingly, MCP-3 expression is elevated in monocytes from type 1 diabetes patients compared to healthy donors or type 2 diabetes patients [48]; and MCP-3 is also elevated in serum of autoantibody-positive individuals [49]; indicating a possibly pathological role for this cytokine in autoimmune diabetes pathogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene CCL7 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.