We observed that bladder cancer tissues spontaneously expressed high levels of Treg- and MDSC- recruiting chemokines (CCL2, CCL22 and CXCL8, respective ligands for CCR2, CCR4 and CXCR1/2), but only low levels of CTL- attracting chemokines (CCL5, CXCL9-10; respective ligands for CCR5 and CXCR3), suggesting that the chemokine imbalance can contribute to the pathogenesis of bladder cancer and may limit the effectiveness of its immunotherapies. This evidence concerns the gene CXCR1 and urinary bladder cancer.