TLR3 and urinary bladder cancer: In accordance with this possibility, our observations suggests that the combination of IFNα with poly-I:C (a TLR3 ligand) or BCG + IFNα + poly-I:C (although neither BCG + IFNα nor BCG + poly-I:C) are highly effective in enhancing intra-tumoral production of CXCL10 in bladder cancer tissues and promoting CTL infiltration.