Unexpectedly, we observed that, while BCG strongly up regulated the secretion of CXCL8 (P < 0.05) and CCL22 (P < 0.05) by ex vivo-treated bladder cancer explants (n = 11 patients), it did not enhance CXCL10 secretion (Figure 3). Here, CCL22 is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.