INS and Insulin resistance: Although insulin levels were not measured in the current study, sustained consumption of high fat chow can lead to insulin resistance (Davidson and Garvey, 1993; Wilkes et al., 1998; Durham et al., 2006; Posey et al., 2009; Morris et al., 2011), and this effect of eating high fat chow on insulin sensitivity has been demonstrated in other studies using similar dietary conditions (Baladi et al., 2011; Speed et al., 2011).