Molecular regulators of muscle hypertrophy and atrophy have also been linked to the transition from hypertrophy to HF [32, 33], however, we examined several proteins associated with atrophy, and show that FOXO3A, MuRF1 and MAFbx were not altered in any condition (Fig. 5A-D). This evidence concerns the gene FBXO32 and hydrops fetalis.