IL1B and Insulin resistance: The cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β can phosphorylate insulin receptor substrate-1 to induce insulin resistance [81], while the Islet amyloid polypeptide deposited in the pancreas can activate the NLRP3 (Nod-like receptor family, Pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome to drive IL-1β secretion [67,82].