Low levels of adiponectin in CS, and increased release of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines and inflammatory markers, like soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptors (sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2), interleukin-6 (IL6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) [3, 4] also confer an inflammatory state and increased morbidity and mortality observed in CS. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is Cowden syndrome 1.