To better assess the role of mitochondria in inflammasome activation, we measured the level of CASP-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in PBMC from CKD-HD stimulated with LPS/ATP, Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signals able to activate NLRP3 inflammasome, in absence or presence of mitoTEMPO, an inhibitor of mitochondrial ROS production. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is chronic kidney disease.