Strikingly, a univariate analysis revealed a significant risk for PSA recurrence in patients whose adjacent normal, PIN, and prostate cancer tissues expressed high YB-1 protein levels (adjacent normal: HR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04-1.43, P = 0.01; PIN: HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.12-1.63, P = 0.002; cancer: HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02-1.40, P = 0.02) (Figure 2A). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and cancer.