NFKB1 and cancer: Treatment of cancer cells with MLN4924 leads to dramatic cytotoxicity, and some of the best characterized mechanisms include the induction of DNA re-replication by blocking the degradation of Cdt-1 [25,26], or by inhibiting NF-κB signaling via stabilization of the inhibitor of NF-κB protein IκBα [27], both of which eventually lead to apoptosis.