We conclude that longitudinal trends in percentages of CD8+CD62L+CD45RA+ (naïve), CD8+CD95-CD28+ (naïve), and CD8+CD95+CD28- (terminally differentiated) T-cells, following switch in cART, were significantly adversely affected by CMV co-infection in this cohort of PHIV+ children. The gene discussed is CD28; the disease is coinfection.