Newborns with hyperEPO only were not at significantly different risk of ventriculomegaly, whereas those with ISSI only (MPO, IL-1 β, IL-6, TNF- α, IL-8, MCP-1, VEGF, VEGF-R1, orange) were 2–5 times more likely to have ventriculomegaly than children without either hyperEPO or ISSI. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Ventriculomegaly.