LSS could increase oxidative stress, induce subendothelial accumulation of low-density lipoprotein,[31] decrease eNOS expression and NO production,[32] and induce expression of inflammatory molecules.[33] Wang has demonstrated that LSS increased inflammatory cytokines expression through activation of JNK and NF-κB.[29] In our experiments, we found that ICAM-1 expression was regulated by LSS in a time dependent manner, which verified that LSS could induce inflammation response during atherosclerosis. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and atherosclerosis.