INS and hydrops fetalis: To directly investigate whether MAG increases PPARγ, decreases TRB3 expressions and improve insulin signaling transduction in endothelial cells in vitro, we cultured HUVECs in media containing glucose (25 mmol/L) and saturated FFA palmitate (16:0; 500 μmol/L), a common fatty acid (HG/HF) [29].