DNAJC5 and infection: It has been shown that in P. vivax, rapid expansion and contraction of repeats in csp by slipped-strand mispairing was driven by immune selection [29], consistent with our observation of related and near-identical csp haployptes (e.g. VC06/13/16/19; Table D in S1 File) and high frequencies of csp multiple-genotype infections (Table 1).