TNF and infection: Previous studies have shown the importance of IFN-γ in curing aspergillosis: (i) In the steroid & cyclophosphamide based mouse model of invasive aspergillosis, death was primarily associated with high levels of TNF-α at the site of infection (i.e., lung) coupled to a failure to generate a local and incremental IFN-γ response35; (ii) In a steroid only based model of immuno-suppression in BALB/c mice that were given IFN-γ replacement therapy, it was the specific administration of exogenous IFN-γ that decreased mortality.36