Given that dystrophin deficiency is the major cause of cell death in skeletal and heart muscles (Eagle et al., 2002; Fayssoil et al., 2010; Finsterer and Stollberger, 2008; Mendell et al., 2012; Romfh and McNally, 2010), we expect our findings would benefit the mechanistic studies of CM loss in DMD patients with other types of DMD mutations, as well as skeletal muscle loss in DMD patients. This evidence concerns the gene DMD and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.