In as much as TNF-family cytokines are among the weapons used by cytolytic T-cells (CTLs) and Natural Killer (NK) cells to eradicate tumor cells, inhibitors of PCTAIRE1 could be considered for sensitizing to cancer immunotherapeutics such as immune checkpoint modulators (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells. Here, CTLA4 is linked to neoplasm.