ALB and kidney disorder: Through an initial screening, 326 subjects were excluded from the present study population, including 103 patients with nondiabetic renal diseases accompanying T2DM; 119 patients with a systemic disease/condition that could influence the albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) as assessed by the medical history or examination; 79 patients taking medications that could affect renal function; and 25 patients with an anatomical distance between the body surface and kidney cortex greater than 5.0 cm.