SDC1 and Sepsis: Previous studies investigating circulating syndecan-1 levels as a surrogate for endothelial glycocalyx damage have reported increased levels in trauma [18, 41], sepsis [20, 42], major vascular- [23] and abdominal surgery [42], STEMI [21] and OHCA [8] patients, with the highest levels in non-survivors and/or the most sick patients.