BRAF and melanoma: Vemurafenib (Zelboraf), a selective BRAF inhibitor, has been shown to increase the overall median survival by 3.6 months (13.2 months in the vemurafenib arm versus 9.6 months in the dacarbazine arm; HR, 0.37; 95%CI, 0.26 to 0.55) [15] and has recently been approved as a first line therapy in BRAF (V600E in the USA, V600 in Europe) mutated advanced melanoma [15,19].