TP53 and cancer: Genetically, the HPV ‘early’ proteins, E6 and E7, are the primary oncoproteins involved in cancer progression and interact with several cellular proteins, including tumor protein 53 (TP53), retinoblastoma 1 (RB1), Bcl-2 antagonist killer (BAK), Fas-associated death domain (FADD) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), involving cell adhesion, apoptosis and the cell cycle (4–6).