Interestingly, the cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) has been described to influence each of the single components of the remodeling process, i.e., TGFβ1 promotes myocardial fibrosis (Okada et al., 2005; Edgley et al., 2012), cardiomyocyte apoptosis (Schneiders et al., 2005) or cardiac hypertrophy (Huntgeburth et al., 2011). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cardiac hypertrophy.