DDIT3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Interestingly, suppressing ER-MAPKs-CHOP signaling axis by either inhibitors (4-PBA, SP, SB, or U0126) or knocking-down of CHOP did not affect the rate of HCC cell death evidently but showed prominent effects on HCC cell migration, suggesting that PL preferentially suppressed HCC migration/invasion via ER-MAPKs-CHOP.