STAT3 and carcinoma: Jiang et al showed that positive phospho-STAT3 expression was detected in 82 of the 127 carcinomas (64.6%) but in only 21 of the 56 normal tissue samples (37.5%) and phospho-STAT3 immunoreactivity was significantly correlated with sex (p = 0.004), smoking history (p = 0.006), EGFR mutation status (p = 0.003), clinical stage (p = 0.034), and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.009) [8].