CCND1 and esophageal cancer: These include the following: (1) amplification of the CCND1 gene (observed frequently in breast, pancreatic, skin, lung, and head and neck cancers) (Arnold & Papanikolaou, 2005; Garcea et al, 2005; Thomas et al, 2005; Li et al, 2006; Gautschi et al, 2007), (2) translocation of the CCND1 locus to IGH enhancer elements (seen in nearly all cases of mantle cell lymphoma) (Bosch et al, 1994; Bigoni et al, 1996), and (3) mutations in the sequences encoding the cyclin D1 PEST domain (which occur in esophageal cancers) (Benzeno et al, 2006).