LPS treatment of mice, which models the gut release of endotoxins (e.g., LPS) and human alcoholic hepatitis, results in rapid increases in proinflammatory cytokines in the liver, blood, and brain, with liver and blood levels returning within 24 h, whereas brain microglial activation persists for months that after 7 and 10 months results in a progressive degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expressing dopamine neurons (Qin et al. 2007). The gene discussed is TH; the disease is alcoholic hepatitis.