Besides, it is found that the loci rs2231884 (FOSL1, FIBP, CCDC85B) and rs2266959 (UBE2L3, YDJC) overlap active DNA regulatory elements (DRE) of the intestine and immune cells of IBD patients, while rs17293632 (SMAD3), rs7404095 (PRKCB) and rs12946510 only overlap DRE of immune cells [61]. Here, SMAD3 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.