Rather unexpectedly, compared to normal epithelium, significant increases in IGF-IR (P = 0.0025) and Rap1 (P = 0.007) were found in earliest proliferative lesions of DCIS without further changes in DCIS/T1mic and DCIS/IDC + LCIS/ILC (Figure 3B). This evidence concerns the gene IGF1R and ductal breast carcinoma in situ.