Grammas et al. analyzed two transgenic AD animal models: AD2576APPSwe and La Ferla3xTG which overexpressed Aβ in the brain and demonstrated that brain endothelial cells overexpressed Aβ, thrombin, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β and interleukin 6 and MMP9 (Grammas et al., 2014). Here, TNF is linked to Alzheimer disease.