Although pathogenesis is not completely understood, several studies focusing on cytokine profile that may contribute to the pathological scenery of this disease [262, 263] have found an increased concentration of IL-1 in the salivary fluid and peripheral blood of patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS), indicating that IL-1 works as a pivotal regulator in the development of local and systemic manifestations [264, 265]. The gene discussed is IL1A; the disease is Sjogren syndrome.