Cox's proportional hazard regression showed that both Pro12Ala and C161T polymorphisms were significant predictors of mortality in ESRD patients with DM (Pro12Ala: GG versus other genotypes, hazard ratio [HR] <0.01; P < 0.001; for C161T, CC versus TT genotypes, HR 2.86; P < 0.001; CT versus TT genotypes, HR 1.93; P < 0.001). Conclusion. This is the first and largest study to evaluate PPAR-γ SNPs in ESRD patients. The gene discussed is PPARG; the disease is diabetes mellitus.