Consistent with the previous report of this model, we found that induction of IFN-β and IFN-λ mRNAs in lung tissue in vivo were reduced with 4 weeks of elastase/LPS administration followed by RV infection (elastase/LPS + RV) compared with treatment with PBS and infection with RV (PBS+RV; modelling RV infected healthy subjects) (Figures S1b and S1c). Here, IFNB1 is linked to infection.