IFNB1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: We also cannot explain the differences between our results reporting deficient RV induction of IFN-β in BAL cells from stable COPD subjects ex vivo [7] and work from the same group in air/liquid interface-cultured bronchial cells from patients with moderate-to-severe COPD which demonstrated enhanced virus replication but increased rather than decreased interferon induction at the same time points [54].