While mouse models of Nkx3. 1-loss do not exhibit signs of prostate cancer [16,17], they are hyperplastic in their prostates and display cooperativity with Pten-loss for prostate cancer development [18], thus offering a sensitized background to test whether Tmprss2-ETS fusions exhibit a similar synergy. The gene discussed is TMPRSS2; the disease is prostate carcinoma.