IGHE and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: Although a causal relationship of S. aureus in patients with CRS has not been established, SEs might skew the cytokine response towards a Th2 phenotype inducing both eosinophilia and the production of polyclonal IgE (11), and thus contribute to, at least in some cases, the development of CRSwNP (8,12,13).