Several lines of evidence suggest that activated microglia have a critical role in the pathogenesis of PD through producing inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and neurotoxin, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) (4). The gene discussed is NOS2; the disease is Parkinson disease.