For instance, restoration of DACH1 in the liver cell line, SK-Hep1, elevated TGF-β signaling activity,21 whereas DACH1 expressed in breast cancer cell lines inhibited TGF-β–induced apoptosis.26 In our human adrenal cell line, H295R, overexpression of DACH1 increased TGF-β signaling pathway activity as measured by the SMAD reporter (Figure 4A). This evidence concerns the gene DACH1 and breast cancer.