TEP1 and malaria: The answer to this question directly impacts our understanding of the unknown mechanism of APL1A’s observed phenotype against human malaria, and whether multiple TEP1-mediated or TEP1-independent mechanisms of Plasmodium killing operate in A. gambiae. Furthermore, the absence of the LRRNT motif in APL1B raises the question as to how the N-terminus of the LRR fold is stabilized and whether this has any relevance to its unknown function.