VCAM1 and myeloid sarcoma: As a ligand for the VLA-4 expressed on leukocytes, VCAM-1 plays an important role in transmigration across the BBB [29–32] The present findings demonstrate that pretreatment with fingolimod-phosphate decreases the expression levels of protein/mRNA in the p65 subunit of NFκB and VCAM-1, which were consequently upregulated after exposure to MS sera, thus suggesting the effect of this compound in decreasing the VCAM-1 expression in BMECs by inhibiting NFκB signaling.