FOXP3 and tuberculosis: Other markers indicative of modulation of inflammation, including FoxP3 (a marker for Treg cell populations) and CTLA4 (an inhibitory co-factor that functionally modulates Th and Treg cells and has been associated with T cell hyporesponsiveness in other chronic infectious diseases such as filarial infections [28] and in tuberculosis [29]), were upregulated in the same capsules that had lower levels of IL-10 and CD25 (Fig. 5).