It was also found that NF-kappa-B could be activated in spinal IL-18R-expressing astrocytes after nerve injury, and the IL-18-induced allodynia was dose-dependently alleviated by intrathecal injection of an NF-kappa-B inhibitor, SN50, suggesting that nerve injury induces NF-kappa-B activation in the spinal astrocytes via the IL-18 signaling [53]. This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and injury.