Tumor-infiltrating Th17 cells expressed high levels of CCR4 (cPBMC: 38.83 ± 3.90%, NIL: 42.76 ± 2.84%, TIL: 57.61 ± 2.99%; P < 0.001 and < 0.01 for TIL vs. cPBMC and vs. NIL, respectively), CCR6 (cPBMC: 22.17 ± 2.04%, NIL: 42.89 ± 3.23%, TIL: 72.97 ± 2.45%; P < 0.001 for TIL vs. cPBMC and vs. NIL), and CD49d (cPBMC: 63.13 ± 3.74%, NIL: 56.59 ± 3.10%, TIL: 74.24 ± 2.69%; P < 0.05 and < 0.001 for TIL vs. cPBMC and vs. NIL, respectively) (Fig. 3B and 3C), but not CCR2, CD103, and CD11a (data not shown). This evidence concerns the gene CCR4 and neoplasm.